Contrasting the conceptualisation of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation: a case study of Brazilians in Spain and Portugal

Despite the significant emphasis given to the trafficking of Brazilians to the sex industry of the Iberian Peninsula, the concepts of “victim of trafficking for sexual exploitation” used in these three countries vary. This article analyses the positions of Brazil, Spain and Portugal regarding the conceptualisation of “trafficking victim,” focusing on their legislation and policies, as well as on relevant narratives which show how these policies are being applied. It showcases how the incompatible definitions being used compromise genuine anti-trafficking actions and may be an indicator that stopping trafficking may not be the primary concern of the policies developed by these governments

A criminological reading of the concept of vulnerability: a case study of Brazilian trafficking victims

The United Nations Trafficking Protocol establishes the ‘abuse of a position of vulnerability’ as one of the means used to traffic persons. This term, however, was not properly defined, leaving it open for multiple interpretations, many of which do not focus on the well-being of the supposedly vulnerable victims. Through a case study of how (potential) Brazilian victims of trafficking are dealt with in Brazil and (to a lesser extent) outside the country, this article focuses on how ‘vulnerability’ is often interpreted as a synonym of strain which leads to deviant behavior. In this way, the concept is co-opted to enable the punishment or restraint of certain people (particularly women from developing countries) who are considered to be unsuitable to migrate

Respostas ao tráfico no Norte Global : O caso de Portugal e Espanha

Resumo Países desenvolvidos usam ações e discursos contra o tráfico de seres humanos como uma maneira mais palatável de impor políticas que restringem a migração e o trabalho sexual. Ainda que suas metas e resultados sejam similares, a maneira como Estados individuais elaboram e utilizam suas estruturas antitráfico varia e gera consequentemente repercussões distintas. Podemos considerar, por exemplo, que ainda que as políticas Ibéricas sejam similares, a Espanha tem um sistema mais duramente criticado do que o de Portugal, pois seus métodos violam direitos de maneira mais clara

Ingestion of Milk Containing Very Low Concentration of Antimicrobials: Longitudinal Effect on Fecal Microbiota Composition in Preweaned Calves.

Although antimicrobial drugs are central to combat disease in modern medicine, the use of these drugs can have undesired consequences for human and animal health. One consequence is the post-therapy excretion of pharmacological agents, such as the elimination of drug residues at very low concentrations in the milk of lactating mammals. Limited information is currently available on the impact from the exposure of the gut microbiota to drug residues using in vivo natural models. The objective of our study was to address this knowledge gap and evaluate the effect on the fecal microbiota composition from feeding preweaned dairy calves raw milk with residual concentrations of ampicillin, ceftiofur, penicillin, and oxytetracycline from birth to weaning. At birth, thirty calves were randomly assigned to a controlled feeding trial where: 15 calves were fed raw milk with no drug residues (NR), and 15 calves were fed raw milk with drug residues (DR) by adding ceftiofur, penicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline at final concentrations in the milk of 0.1, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. Fecal samples were rectally collected from each calf once a week starting at birth, prior to the first feeding in the trial (pre-treatment), until 6 weeks of age. Sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA genes was conducted using the Illumina MiSeq, which provides a high resolution of the microbiota down to the genus level. Discriminant analysis showed that, except for pre-treatment samples, calves fed milk with drug residues and calves fed milk without drug residues easily discriminated at the genus level on their weekly microbial profile. However, analysis comparing the abundance of taxon between NR and DR showed significant differences only at the genus levels, and not at the phylum, class, order or family levels. These results suggest that although drug residues can result in clear discriminate gut microbial communities, they do not result in disruption of taxonomic levels above the genus

Métodos para conservação de frutas e hortaliças

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Curso de Agronomia, 2016A importância social e econômica da produção de frutas e hortaliças no país é inegável, não tanto como produtos de exportação, mas como atividade geradora de emprego, fixadora do homem no campo e por estar presente de maneira significativa na alimentação da população brasileira. No país, cerca de 20 a 30% das frutas e hortaliças produzidas não chegam até a mesa do consumidor, fato que coloca o Brasil entre os países que mais desperdiçam alimentos no mundo. Dados mostram que a maior parte das perdas que ocorrem na pós-colheita, como por exemplo, no transporte e manuseio feito de forma inadequada, embalagens que mais danificam que protegem os alimentos e a utilização incorreta ou ausente do armazenamento refrigerado. Em um cenário como o atual, onde existem milhares de pessoas em situação de insegurança alimentar, bem como o Brasil apresentando potencial para exportação em termos de produtividade, tecnologias para conservação de frutas e hortaliças podem ser utilizadas para reduzir as perdas e melhorar o quadro do país.Conservation methods of fruits and vegetables: literature review The social and economic importance of fruit and vegetables in the country is undeniable, not so much as exports, but as generating activity employment, man fixative in the field and to be a significant presence in food of the population. In the country, about 20 to 30% of fruit and vegetables produced do not reach the consumer's table, a fact that places Brazil among the countries that most waste food in the world. Data show that most of the losses occur in post-harvest, such as the shipping and handling done improperly, packages that causes more damage than protect food and incorrect or missing use of refrigerated storage. In a scenario like this, where there are thousands of people in a situation of food insecurity, as well as Brazil have potential for export in terms of productivity, technology to conservate fruits and vegetables can be used to reduce losses and improve the framework of the country

Using Healthcare Data in Embedded Pragmatic Clinical Trials among People Living with Dementia and Their Caregivers: State of the Art

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156003/1/jgs16617_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156003/2/jgs16617.pd

Nodule-specific modulation of glutamine synthetase in transgenic medicago truncatula leads to inverse alterations in asparagine synthetase expression

Transgenic Medicago truncatula plants were produced harboring chimeric gene constructs of the glutamine synthetase (GS) cDNA clones (MtGS1a or MtGS1b) fused in sense or antisense orientation to the nodule-specific leghemoglobin promoter Mtlb1. A series of transgenic plants were obtained showing a 2- to 4-fold alteration in nodule GS activity when compared with control plants. Western and northern analyses revealed that the increased or decreased levels of GS activity correlate with the amount of cytosolic GS polypeptides and transcripts present in the nodule extracts. An analysis of the isoenzyme composition showed that the increased or decreased levels of GS activity were attributable to major changes in the homo-octameric isoenzyme GS1a. Nodules of plants transformed with antisense GS constructs showed an increase in the levels of both asparagine synthetase (AS) polypeptides and transcripts when compared with untransformed control plants, whereas the sense GS transformants showed decreased AS transcript levels but polypeptide levels similar to control plants. The polypeptide abundance of other nitrogen metabolic enzymes NADH-glutamic acid synthase and aspartic acid aminotransferase as well as those of major carbon metabolic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, and sucrose synthase were not affected by the GS-gene manipulations. Increased levels of AS polypeptides and transcripts were also transiently observed in nodules by inhibiting GS activity with phosphinothricin. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that GS activity negatively regulates the level of AS in root nodules of M. truncatula. The potential role of AS in assimilating ammonium when GS becomes limiting is discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio